Nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li thoob ntiaj teb kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev xav tau ceev nrooj rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, cov khoom siv ib txwm ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig tau tshwm sim los ua cov khoom siv bio-based. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim cov qoob loo ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv, tshawb xyuas nws cov kev cia siab rau hauv kev ntim khoom, textiles, kev tsim kho, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov cib fim thiab cov teeb meem ntsib, tos ntsoov rau yav tom ntej kev loj hlob tiam sis. , aiming muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej rau cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim txoj cai, thiab pab txhawb kev nthuav dav thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm cov nplej ib puag ncig. cov ntaub ntawv phooj ywg.
1. Taw qhia
Niaj hnub no, cov teeb meem ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li plastics thiab chemical fibers tau ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li kev siv tsis txaus, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, thiab cov pa phem dawb thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, siv thiab kev kho cov khib nyiab. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nrhiav tau cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, degradable thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb zaub mov qoob loo loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, hom qoob mog cov by-products nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, xws li hom qoob mog straw thiab hom qoob mog bran, tau pom tias muaj cov khoom loj loj loj hlob muaj peev xwm. Nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau maj mam tshwm sim thiab xav tias yuav hloov kho ntau yam kev lag luam.
2. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawmhom qoob mog environmentally phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv
Qhov chaw thiab cov khoom xyaw ntawm raw khoom
Nplej ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog muab los ntawmnplej strawthiab bran. Nplej straw yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cellulose, hemicellulose thiab lignin, thiab cov natural polymers muab cov qauv kev txhawb nqa rau cov khoom siv. Cellulose muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab zog thiab siab crystallinity, uas muab cov khoom toughness; hemicellulose yog qhov yooj yim rau degrade thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm; lignin txhim khu lub rigidity thiab dej tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. Nplej bran yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev noj haus fiber ntau, protein thiab ib tug me me ntawm cov roj, minerals, thiab lwm yam, uas muaj peev xwm ntxiv lub deficiency ntawm straw Cheebtsam thiab optimize cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo, xws li kev txhim kho saj zawg zog thiab deg zog, ua rau nws zoo dua rau diversified ua technology. .
Kev npaj
Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem npaj cov nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv npog npog lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov txheej txheem lom neeg. Kev siv lub cev xws li kev sib tsoo tshuab thiab kub nias molding, uas zom cov quav cab thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau nws nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab tus nqi qis. Lawv feem ntau yog siv los npaj cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg thiab cov phaj; Cov txheej txheem tshuaj muaj xws li esterification thiab etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas siv cov tshuaj reagents los hloov cov qauv molecular ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv los txhim kho cov adhesion thiab dej tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau siab dua rau ntim thiab textile daim ntaub ntawv, tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm chemical reagent residues; Cov txheej txheem lom neeg siv cov kab mob los yog cov enzymes kom degrade thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw. Cov txheej txheem yog ntsuab thiab maj mam, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv tuaj yeem npaj tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lub voj voog fermentation ntev thiab tus nqi siab ntawm kev npaj enzyme txwv kev siv loj, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob theem.
3. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nplej uas ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg
Environmental friendliness
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej, cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig cov nplej tau qhia lawv qhov zoo. Nws cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv raw absorbs carbon dioxide thiab tso tawm oxygen, uas yuav pab txo cov nyhuv tsev cog khoom; cov txheej txheem ntau lawm muaj tsawg zog noj, uas zoo heev txo cov dependence ntawm fossil zog piv rau roj av-raws li yas synthesis; Kev kho cov khib nyiab tom qab siv yog qhov yooj yim, thiab nws tuaj yeem biodegraded sai sai nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, feem ntau decomposing mus rau hauv dej tsis zoo, carbon dioxide thiab humus nyob rau hauv ob peb lub hlis mus rau ob peb xyoos, zoo daws cov teeb meem ib puag ncig xws li av muaj kuab paug thiab dej thaiv. tshwm sim los ntawm "ntau pua xyoo tsis-corrosion" ntawm cov khoom siv yas.
Resource Renewability
Raws li cov qoob loo txhua xyoo, cov nplej tau cog qoob loo ntau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom lag luam txhua xyoo, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ruaj khov muab cov ntaub ntawv raw txaus rau kev npaj khoom. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv tsis tau txuas ntxiv dua tshiab xws li roj thiab thee, tsuav yog kev tsim ua liaj ua teb yog tsim nyog, cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yuav luag tsis muaj zog, uas ua kom cov khoom siv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov khoom lag luam, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm cov peev txheej depletion, thiab ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev lag luam ncig.
Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb
Nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev, uas tau muab los ntawm nws cov qauv hauv cov ntxeem tau fiber ntau. Huab cua ua rau nws tsim ib qho kev thaiv ntuj, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev boards; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab muaj qhov sib txheeb ntawm qhov ntom ntom, uas txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los thiab siv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm aerospace ntim, nws txo cov nqi thaum ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov khoom xyaw ntuj nyob rau hauv cov nplej straw thiab nplej bran muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm qee cov kab mob, ua kom lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom, thiab muaj kev cia siab dav hauv daim ntawv thov ntim khoom noj.
4. Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm cov nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv
Ntim kev lag luam
Hauv kev ntim khoom, cov khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig yog maj mam hloov cov khoom ntim yas. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg, cov phaj, cov thawv noj su, cov quav cab, thiab lwm yam ua los ntawm cov nplej straw yog cov zoo li cov yas, tab sis tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis qab, thiab tsis txhob tso cov tshuaj phem thaum rhuab, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev xa zaub mov. Qee lub tuam txhab loj saw catering tau pib sim thiab txhawb lawv; nyob rau hauv kev nthuav qhia ntim, cushioning cov ntaub ntawv, hnab ntawv, thiab cartons ua los ntawm nws yog siv los sau rau hauv ob sab phlu, uas muaj zoo cushioning kev ua tau zoo, tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab degradable nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txo cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm nthuav cov khib nyiab. E-lag luam platforms thiab cov tuam txhab nthuav qhia tau sim nws, thiab nws xav tias yuav hloov kho cov khoom ntim khoom ntim ntsuab.
Kev lag luam textile
Cellulose fiber yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nplej straw thiab nplej bran, thiab ua tiav rau hauv hom tshiab ntawm textile ntaub los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb spinning. Hom ntaub no yog mos thiab tawv-phooj ywg, breathable, thiab muaj dej noo zoo dua li cov paj rwb ntshiab. Nws yog qhuav thiab nyiam hnav, thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj tus nqi thiab tau tshwm sim hauv cov teb ntawm high-end zam thiab cov khoom vaj khoom tsev. Qee lub khw muag khoom lag luam tau pib tsim cov khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws uas tsis muaj fiber ntau, uas tau nyiam kev lag luam thiab txhaj tshuaj tseem ceeb rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev zam.
Kev tsim kho kev lag luam
Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov nplej ib puag ncig cov phooj ywg yog ib qho yooj yim rau nruab, thiab cov nyhuv rwb thaiv tsev yog piv rau cov tsoos polystyrene panels, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tom kawg ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab cov pa phem tso tawm, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov vaj tse; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, xws li cov phab ntsa dai kom zoo nkauj thiab qab nthab, tsim kom muaj huab cua sov thiab sov, thiab tuaj yeem kho cov av noo hauv tsev, nqus cov ntxhiab tsw, thiab tsim kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo. Qee qhov kev ua qauv qhia lub tsev ecological tau txais yuav lawv ntau, ua rau cov khoom siv ntsuab ntsuab.
Agricultural teb
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, yub lauj kaub thiab mulch ua los ntawm cov nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Seedling pots tuaj yeem raug degraded, thiab tsis tas yuav tshem tawm cov lauj kaub thaum hloov cov yub, zam kev puas tsuaj hauv paus thiab txhim kho qhov ciaj sia ntawm kev hloov pauv; degradable mulch npog thaj av ua liaj ua teb, khaws cov dej noo thiab ua kom kub kom txhawb cov qoob loo loj hlob, thiab decomposes nws tus kheej tom qab lub caij cog qoob loo, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo tom ntej, daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov yas mulch residues uas ua rau cov av tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab txhawb kev ruaj khov. kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb.
V. Cov kev sib tw tau ntsib los ntawm kev tsim cov nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv
Technical bottlenecks
Txawm hais tias muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, kev nyuaj nyuaj tseem muaj nyob. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv optimization. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog thiab dej tsis kam ua kom tau raws li kev siv cov xwm txheej, cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo, uas txwv tsis pub nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov siab kawg. Qhov thib ob, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis ruaj khov, thiab qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov khoom sib txawv ua rau cov khoom tsis sib xws, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiav cov txheej txheem loj loj, cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam kev ntseeg siab thiab kev lag luam nce qib.
Tus nqi tseem ceeb
Tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm cov nplej ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv yog siab dua li cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sau cov khoom siv raw, straw yog tawg, lub vojvoog sib sau yog loj, thiab kev khaws cia yog qhov nyuaj, uas ua rau cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv; nyob rau hauv cov theem ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej siv siab heev cia siab rau kev xa khoom, kev npaj cov enzyme lom thiab cov tshuaj hloov kho cov tshuaj reagents yog kim, thiab txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, nws tseem suav nrog feem ntau ntawm cov nqi; nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm kev ua lag luam nce qib, lub scale nyhuv tsis tau tsim, thiab cov nqi ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis raug txo. Nws yog qhov tsis zoo hauv kev sib tw nrog cov khoom siv qis qis, uas cuam tshuam cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov lag luam los ntawm kev xaiv.
Kev paub txog kev ua lag luam thiab kev lees paub
Cov neeg siv khoom tau siv sijhawm ntev rau cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, thiab muaj kev paub tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig. Lawv txhawj xeeb txog lawv cov kav ntev thiab kev nyab xeeb, thiab tsis txaus siab yuav khoom; ntawm kev lag luam sab, lawv raug txwv los ntawm tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lag luam thiab tau ceev faj txog kev hloov pauv mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Tshwj xeeb, cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab tsis muaj R & D cov nyiaj txiag thiab cov txuj ci, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev ua raws li lub sijhawm; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub downstream industrial saw yog tsis zoo-tsim, thiab muaj ib tug tsis muaj kev recycling thiab kho cov chaw, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov recycle cov khoom pov tseg, thiab nyob rau hauv lem inhibits lub expansion ntawm pem hauv ntej-kawg lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
VI. Teb cov tswv yim thiab txoj hauv kev txhim kho
Kev lag luam-university-kev tshawb fawb kev koom tes los ua txhaum los ntawm technology
Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, cov tsev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke. Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lawv qhov zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tshawb nrhiav cov khoom hloov kho tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev biotransformation; kev tshawb fawb cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem optimization, thiab sib koom ua cov pilot ntau lawm nrog cov lag luam kom kov yeej kev ruaj ntseg teeb meem; Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum muab nyiaj txiag thiab kev tawm tswv yim ua lag luam txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev lag luam ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, xws li tsim cov chaw R&D sib koom ua ke, thiab tsoomfwv yuav tsum sib koom ua ke thiab muab txoj cai txhawb nqa los txhawb kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho.
Txoj cai txhawb nqa txo cov nqi
Tsoom fwv tau tshaj tawm txoj cai pab nyiaj pab them nqi tsheb thauj mus los rau kev sau cov khoom siv los txo cov nqi logistics; sab ntau lawm muab kev zam se rau kev yuav khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho technology tshiab los txhawb cov lag luam kom hloov kho tshuab; downstream cov lag luam uas siv cov nplej ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, xws li ntim thiab tsim cov tuam txhab, tau txais kev pab nyiaj ntsuab los txhawb kev lag luam kev xav tau, thiab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam, pab txo cov nqi thiab txo tus nqi sib txawv nrog cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj.
Txhim khu kev tshaj tawm thiab txhim kho kev paub
Siv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, kev nthuav qhia, thiab cov dej num kev tshawb fawb nrov tshaj tawm txog qhov zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv cov khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, tso saib cov khoom pov thawj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov, thiab tshem tawm cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom; muab kev cob qhia kev cob qhia thiab kev hloov pauv rau kev lag luam, qhia cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, thiab txhawb kev koom tes nrog kev txaus siab; tsim kom muaj cov qauv kev lag luam thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam, ua qauv kev lag luam, ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov lag luam los txheeb xyuas thiab kev ntseeg siab, tsim kom muaj kev lag luam zoo, thiab txeeb ntsuab noj thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam.
VII. Yav tom ntej Outlook
Nrog kev nruam kev thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov cai, thiab kev paub txog kev ua lag luam zoo dua, cov khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ua rau kev txhim kho tawg. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, high-kev ua tau zoo cov ntaub ntawv nplej siab yuav yug los, integrating qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam ntuj los yog hluavtaws, thiab nthuav mus rau high-tech teb xws li tsheb thiab electronics; Cov ntaub ntawv ntse uas pom tau los ntawm cov nplej yuav tshwm sim, saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm ib puag ncig thiab zaub mov tshiab, txhawb nqa cov ntim ntse thiab cov tsev ntse; kev lag luam pawg yuav raug tsim, thiab tag nrho cov saw hlau los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, kev ua cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ntsuab cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tso ib qho kev sib koom ua ke. khoom siv hauv paus rau kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej.
VIII. Xaus
Nplej ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau lawv cov zoo ib puag ncig, kev pab thiab kev ua tau zoo, tau pom dav dav hauv ntau qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias tam sim no lawv tab tom ntsib ntau yam kev sib tw xws li thev naus laus zis, nqi, thiab kev ua lag luam, lawv xav tias yuav tawg los ntawm cov teeb meem los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm txhua tog neeg. Kev tuav lub sijhawm rau kev tsim kho kom muaj zog yuav tsis tsuas yog daws qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig los ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, tab sis tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev lag luam ntsuab tshiab, ua tiav qhov kev yeej-yeej ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, qhib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv kev lag luam. cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsim ib lub tsev ecological zoo dua rau cov tiam tom ntej.